[分享] 還在為托福寫作高分煩惱嗎?讓托福家教
我是 Ben 老師。今天我們首先先講到的是托福寫作的介紹。托福寫作的題型
基本上有兩種,相比其他例如 speaking 來講會簡單很多。只要掌握這兩種
題型並熟悉它們的破解方法,基本上就能輕鬆應對。
一、托福寫作的題型介紹
1.1 Integrated Writing(整合性寫作)
題型介紹:第一題是萬年不變的 integrated writing(整合性寫作)。我們
需要整合 reading 和 listening 的資訊,變成一篇完整的 essay。
注意事項:這種題型完全不需要加入自己的意見,只需單純地 summarize 內
容。關鍵在於如何抓住重點並建立清晰的框架。
準備方法:
通常,reading 部分會是一個偏學術性的 topic,會介紹三個例子或理論。
我們需要找出文章的主旨和這三個例子或理論的具體內容,並記在筆記上。
listening 部分由教授反駁 reading 的三個點,挑戰它們不能支持主題。我
們要記下教授的反駁點,然後將 reading 和 listening 互相交織,形成一
個完整的答案。
考試時間:這題需在 20 分鐘內寫完 250 字。準備時間應該是充裕的,但如
果框架不熟練,可能會在時間上有些壓力。
1.2 Academic Discussion Task(學術討論題型)
題型介紹:第二題是 academic discussion task,去年新制的題型。這題只
有 10 分鐘時間,需要讀、想、寫三個步驟。
注意事項:reading 部分會有一個教授提問,並有兩個學生分別給出相反的
意見。我們需要選邊站,表達自己的意見,並與兩個學生互動。
準備方法:
選邊站,表達自己的意見。
與兩個學生互動,展示我們的觀點和反駁。
清晰表達自己的立場和與學生的互動。
考試時間:這題需在 10 分鐘內完成至少 100 個字。
二、托福寫作的題型實際演練
接下來,我們通過實際演練來理解這兩種題型。
Integrated Writing 演練
題目:
Reading (3 minutes):
For years, people have been cutting down trees to provide the
necessary materials to build homes and create various everyday
items. However, due to population increases and the advent of new
technology, clearing forests has become easier than ever. This has
led to deforestation, a state in which large areas of nature are
cleared of all trees. While some oppose deforestation, there are
many benefits that help improve people’s lives.
The clearing of large areas of land has provided an abundance of
farmland. In place of trees, large fields have been created which
can be used to raise both crops and livestock. As the world
population continues to increase, it’s crucial that enough food
is produced for every single citizen. Not only do these new farms
provide for local residents, but the local economy also benefits
if they produce a surplus which can be exported to other areas.
Secondly, cleared land is not only used for farming, but for the
development of new residential areas. As previously mentioned, the
global population is rising, and with more people comes an
increased demand for living space. This arrangement also benefits
the regional economy. Investors buy up areas of land, employ
locals to build homes and buildings, and a new urban area arises
where people can live, work, and thrive.
Finally, it’s important to remember that the forestry industry is
an integral part of many national economies. In countries like
Brazil, Thailand, and Indonesia, there is a large percentage of
the population who rely on deforestation as a source of income. In
order to satisfy the world’s demand for paper, furniture, and
lumber, thousands of jobs have already been created. What will
happen to these workers if this industry is shut down?
Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain
how they cast doubt on the specific points made in the reading
passage. You have 20 minutes to write your answer.
答案:
The reading and the lecture are both about deforestation, the
clearing and cutting down of trees in a large area. While the
author of the article argues that there are many benefits to
deforestation, the lecturer disputes the claims presented in the
article. The lecturer’s position is that deforestation has many
consequences, and attacks each of the claims made in the reading.
According to the reading, cutting down trees creates farmlands now
suitable for growing crops and raising livestock. The author
states that this provides more food for people and can benefit the
economy. This argument is challenged by the lecturer, claiming
that it is not necessary to destroy rainforests for land to farm.
In addition, the lecturer points out that there are advanced
technologies that allow for alternative ways to farm without soil.
Secondly, the author suggests that clearing the areas also
provides residential space for people to live and work in; a
concern as the population continues to increase. The lecturer,
however, asserts that deforestation displaces the animals from the
forest and destroys the plants which provide us with oxygen. He
goes on to say that this long-term cost is not worth the money
people can make from residential developments on the land.
Finally, the author puts forth the idea that cutting down trees is
necessary for many national economies. The author contends that
thousands of jobs have been created due to deforestation. In
contrast, the lecturer’s stance is that those who work in the
wood cutting industry are actually paid very small wages. He says
that deforestation does not benefit the workers at all, but rather
the large company owners.
老師講解:
好,當我們遇到這種整合性寫作時,我們要怎麼去準備呢?基本上這種題型
會有一個 reading 和一個 listening,我們要做的就是把它們兩個資訊全部
整合在一起。
做筆記:reading 和 listening 的重點要抓出來。
利用框架的建立方法,知道我們的框架怎樣,需要哪些資訊。這裡可能需要
一個 main statement,這裡可能需要一個 supporting argument 等等。
找出連接詞,通常連接詞後面會有我們需要的東西。例如,reading 的第一
段要找出 main subject 和定義。
抓重點:
例如,第一段的主旨是 deforestation,接下來是它的三個好處。我們找到
deforestation 和 benefits of deforestation 的資訊,後面三個段落的
main statement 和 supporting statement 也要找出來。
例如,第一段的主旨是 deforestation,接下來是它的三個好處。我們找到
deforestation 和 benefits of deforestation 的資訊,後面三個段落的
main statement 和 supporting statement 也要找出來。
Listening 部分:
教授會反駁 reading 的三個好處。我們一樣要找出每一段的 main
argument 和 supporting argument。例如,第一段的重點是 it’s not
necessary to destroy rainforest for land to farm,抓住連接詞後面的
重點,記下主要論點。第二段反駁 residential areas 的好處,指出
deforestation 的長期代價不值得。第三段反駁 national economies 的好
處,指出工作人員的工資很低,並不真正受益於 deforestation。
Academic Discussion Task 演練
題目:
Your professor is teaching a class on education. Write a post
responding to the professor’s question. In your response, you
should
express and support your personal opinion
make a contribution to the discussion in your own words An
effective response will contain at least 100 words. You have ten
minutes to write.
Professor: A new story about Artificial Intelligence (AI) is in
the news almost every day. And, of course, companies are spending
an enormous amount of money to develop new technologies related to
AI. Before next class, I want you to consider the following
question: Is AI a dangerous technology that, overall, will be
harmful to society, or is it a powerful tool that will improve the
lives of people?
Megan: Personally, I think AI is a threat. As AI advances, many
jobs may become automated, leaving people without work. That will
certainly increase income inequality. Additionally, there’s the
risk that AI systems could be programmed with biases or used to
discriminate against certain groups. We need to be careful and
ensure that AI is developed in an ethical and responsible way.
Since we can’t guarantee that right now, I think it is best to
slow down.
David: I disagree with Megan. I’m of the opinion that AI has the
potential to solve many of the world’s problems, from climate
change to disease. Additionally, AI can help us make better
decisions by analyzing vast amounts of data and identifying
patterns that humans may miss. That said, I agree with Megan that
we must ensure that AI is developed and used in a responsible way
that benefits society as a whole.
答案:
Personally, I believe that AI technology will only be an impactful
tool that can improve our lives in the future. I strongly agree
with David’s idea that many world’s issues like climate change
and disease could potentially be dealt with by AI. I’d add that
the algorithm will allow this technology to complete numerous
tasks more efficiently in order to cut down manual effort, such as
customer service and text comprehension. While Megan raised the
relevant point that income inequality could be one of the
consequences as many jobs may become automated due to the AI
advancement, she didn’t mention that there are still plenty of
important jobs that are irreplaceable by technology, especially
those that require human empathy. To be specific, although we can
talk to Alexa or Siri to check up on the weather or news, it is
hard to build a trusting relationship and find mental health
support from AI because they are highly dependent on human
interaction. Therefore, I think that despite some concerns, AI
will undoubtedly be a useful tool to assist our daily lives.
老師講解:
當我們在準備 academic discussion task 的時候,基本上我們讀加想加寫
只有 10 分鐘,讀的時候儘量要把時間省下來,儘量能找到重點趕快開始寫
。
找到 professor 的問題:通常這個問題在最後一句,直接先讀最後一句就好
,如果題目不清楚再去前面看前言的部分。
例如,is AI a dangerous technology that overall will be harmful to
society or is it a powerful tool that will improve the lives of
people?題目非常清楚了,問你 AI 是不是危險的工具,我們要做的就是選
邊站。
選邊站:
以這個 answer 為例,我們是 support AI is gonna become a powerful
tool to improve our lives,首先 straight to the point 回答問題,
personally I believe that AI technology will only be an impactful
tool that can improve our lives in the future,straight to the
point,不需要太多前言。
與學生互動:
先與 David 互動,因為他跟我們站同一邊,summarize 他為什麼,reason
是什麼,I strongly agree with David’s idea that many world issues
like climate change and disease could potentially be dealt with
by AI,summarize,結束。
加入自己的 opinion,為什麼也支持 AI 對人們有幫助,efficient,讓流程
變得非常 efficient,I will add that the algorithm will allow this
technology to complete numerous tasks more efficiently in order to
cut down manual efforts,減少人力,節省人力成本,such as customer
service and text comprehension,more efficient,帶一點 example,
customer service, text comprehension,這些工作容易被 replaced,也可
以省下很多人力成本。
與 Megan 互動,雖然站不同邊,不支持 AI,也 summarize 讓她
recognize your point,while Megan raises the relevant point that
income inequality could be one of the consequences as many jobs
may become automated due to the AI advancement,再來 challenge,她
沒有提到還有其他重要工作不能被技術取代,especially those that
require human empathy,很多需要人們同情心的東西,AI 做不到,這個
example 再進部分,一句話就好,to be specific, although we can talk
to Alexa or Siri to check up the weather or the news, it’s hard
to build a trusting relationship or find mental support from AI
because they’re highly dependent on human interaction。
總結:therefore I think that despite some concerns, AI will
undoubtedly be a useful tool to assist our daily lives in the
future。清楚的開頭,與第一個學生互動,自己 opinion,與第二個學生互
動,反對第二個學生,最後 conclusion,框架完整,10 分鐘內寫完,抓時
間,如果時間不夠,一些 example 可以省略性刪除,主要還是大方向
opinion 和反對點講清楚,有時間再補 support。
三、學生通常托福寫作上的盲點為何?老師會如何幫助他們進步
以過去來講,我基本上平均幫學生提高 20-40 分的總分左右,通常如果同學
一開始第一次考可能只有 60-70 分,但成績不滿意,我會幫他們提高到 80
以上,80 是基本分。只要框架建立清楚,時間和框架掌握住,基本分很容
易有。
學生比較多的問題,方向上基本上第一個是連接詞用得不順,都用一些很基
本的 first, second, third 或 the first reason is, second reason is
,這些很容易改,平替用 to begin with, to start with, moreover, in
addition, furthermore 這些連接詞,therefore, as a result,幫助你替
換基本的 also, but。這是第一個幫助學生把答案脫穎而出的很大方法。
再來是精簡改寫,很多同學不太容易快速把東西精簡濃縮,時間花很多,
complain 時間不夠。這部分我們會有幾個專門精簡改寫的練習,先看別人怎
麼做,再學習資訊很多時候怎麼快速濃縮,意識不漏掉。再有第三點是最多
學生會遇到,寫作第一題 listening 聽不清楚,找不到重點,最好的練習方
法是提升聽力。一開始聽不懂沒關係,多聽 2-3 次,不講解,讓自己聽,把
筆記補完。每一段找兩句話的方向,多聽幾次,重點找出來再討論,找不到
一句一句來。通常這樣幫助學生,他們會有很大進步。後面越來越順,就算
詞彙量不多或聽不懂,只要知道一段找兩句話,壓力小很多。快速筆記也是
幫助學生的點,熟悉這些點後,分數馬上提高,因為知道怎麼建立框架,需
要的是資訊,填進去分數自然高。
再來第四點,時間掌控,框架搞定後就是時間掌控。我用剛剛的應試技巧,
很大程度幫助每個寫不完的學生。慢慢壓,不會一開始就強求在時間內寫完
,一開始先寫 15 分鐘,下次寫 12 分鐘,只要比上一次好就是進步,比之
前快多一分鐘也好。多幾秒進步不大,但每次練習有比之前好,考試前多練
,壓到 10 分鐘內或第一題 20 分鐘內,時間問題解決。
四、關於托福寫作要得高分的訣竅總結
框架:最重要的一點。利用 template 學習建立框架,讓每一段對稱,主題
發展明確。而且不要無限延伸,不要一直拖,尤其是 example。時間有限,
講到點就卡掉,move on to the next section。
筆記:筆記一定要自己看得懂,多練習從關鍵字生出完整句子。抓不到重點
時,鎖定一段找兩句話,尤其是 supporting statement,前面漏掉了,後面
還有機會。main argument 找連接詞,first, second, third,後面通常有
需要的東西,鎖定關鍵字,筆記會好很多。
時間:時間掌控非常重要,平常練習多用碼表看每個 section 花多少時間。
如果時間不夠,先拿掉加分的東西,先建構基本分的東西。確認框架對稱,
在時間內把剩下的東西補齊或去掉。
連接詞和精簡改寫:利用連接詞,精簡改寫的技巧,幫助提高分數。不要硬
把中文翻成英文,換種方式講,一樣意思就好。不要刻意用難字,有 broad
range of vocabulary 是好,但不必刻意用難字替換原本的字。
自信:對自己的答案有自信,避免使用 maybe, probably 這些字眼,尤其在
講自己 opinion 的時候。選擇能展現自信的字,該斷句的地方要斷句,句子
精簡,straight to the point。
希望上述這些技巧能幫助大家在托福寫作中取得好成績。祝所有考生都能取
得理想的分數!
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