Re: [心得]Components of aircraft weight

看板Aviation (航空板)作者HCCLandRover (殺記者　救台灣)時間17年前 (2008/01/20 02:44)推噓0(0推 0噓 0→)

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※ 引述《freeflywould (誠實可靠小郎君)》之銘言： : 最近在努力搞懂的東西 : 只看的懂一半而已 : 貼上全文，希望有英文達人出面嚕 : The operating empty weight (OEW) is the basic weight of the aircraft : including the crew and all the gear required for flight but not including : the payload and fuel. The operating empty weight is not a constant for : passenger aircraft but varies with the seating configuration. 空機操作重量(OEW) ＝飛機本身重量＋機組人員體重，不包括酬載客貨的重量與燃油重量客機的OEW值會因座位配置不同而改變 : The zero-fuel weight (ZFW) is the weight above which all additional weight : must be fuel, so that when the aircraft is in flight, the bending moments : at the junction of the wing and fuselage do not become excessive. 飛機無燃油重量(ZFW) ＝飛機本身重量＋機組人員體重＋酬載量的上限不可超過，以免飛行當中機翼彎曲程度超過機體結構所能忍受的程度 : The payload refers to the total revenue-producing load. : This includes the weight of passengers and their baggage, : mail, express, and cargo. 酬載量飛機收費營業的對象，包括乘客、行李、郵件、貨物的重量 : The maximum structural payload is the maximum load which the aircraft is : certified to carry, whether this load be passengers, cargo, or a : combination of both. 最大酬載量飛機所能酬載全客、全貨或客貨混合重量的上限 : Theoretically, the maximum structural payload is the difference between : the zero-fuel weight and the operating empty weight. The maximum payload : actually carried is usually less than the maximum structural payload : because of space limitations. This is especially true for passenger aircraft, : in which seats and other tiems consume a lot of space. 理論上，最大酬載量　＝　飛機無燃油重量－空機操作重量實際承載的客貨重量，因空間配置因素，通常低於最大酬載量尤其是客機，因為座位和其他設施占用不少空間 : The maximum ramp weight is the maximum weight authorized for ground : maneuver including taxi and run-up fuel. As the aircraft taxis between : the apron and the end of the runway, it burns fuel and consequently loses : weight. 最大停機坪重量飛機獲准在地面行動的最大重量，包括滑行和引擎試車時消耗的燃油重量飛機從機坪滑行到跑道端點時，消耗燃油，重量隨之減少 : The maximum structural takeoff weight is the maximum weight authorized at : brake release for takeoff. It excludes taxi and run-up fuel and includes : the operating empty weight, trip and reserve fuel, and payload. : The difference between the maximum structural takeoff weight and the maximum : ramp weight is very nominal, only a few thousand pounds. 最大起飛重量飛機獲准放開剎車起飛的最大重量＝空機操作重量＋飛行暨備用燃油重量＋酬載量不包括滑行和引擎試車時消耗的燃油重量最大停機坪重量和最大起飛重量差距通常很小，只有幾千磅 : The maximum structural landing weight is the structural capability of : the aircraft in landing. The main gear is structurally designed to absorb : the forces encountered during landing; the larger the forces, the heavier : the gear must be. 最大降落重量飛機結構所能承受降落時的最大重量主起落架的結構設計為能承受降落的衝力，衝力越大，起落架必須越粗壯 : Normally the main gears of transport aircraft are structurally designed : for a weight less than the maximum structural takeoff weight. This is so : because an aircraft loses weight en route by burning fuel. This loss in : weight is considerable if the journey is long, being in excess of 80,000lb : for large jet transports. 一般主起落架設計所能承受的最大降落重量低於最大起飛重量因為飛行途中消耗燃油，就會減輕重量，長途飛行則減輕的重量更可觀，例如大型噴射機，可以高達八萬磅 : It is therefore not economical to design the main : gear of an aircraft to support the maximum structural takeoff weight during : landing, since this situation will rarely occur. 最大降落重量很少等於最大起飛重量，因此主起落架無須設計為能承受相當於最大起飛重量的降落衝力否則不符合經濟效益 : If is does occur, as in the case of aircraft malfunction just after takeoff, : the pilot must jettison or burn off sufficient fuel prior th returning to : the airport so as not to exceed the maximum landing weight. 如果有降落重量相當於最大起飛重量這樣的情況要發生例如，起飛後不久就故障，必須立刻降落必須先空中洩放燃油，或盤旋飛行消耗燃油，再降落以免降落時實際重量超過最大降落重量 : For short-range aircraft such as the DC-9, the main gear is designed to : support, in a landing operation, a weight nearly equal to the maximum : structural takeoff weight. This is so because the distances between stops : are short, and therefore a large amount of fuel needed to make the trip : and the reserves required by regulations set forth by the government : in the Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) , part 121. 短程的飛機，例如DC-9，主起落架結構設計能承受的降落重量幾乎等於最大起飛重量因為起降地點距離近，依美國聯邦航空管理規則第121條，必須攜帶充足的飛行暨備用燃油 (121.639: 攜帶燃油，必須足供飛到目的地＋最遠的備降機場＋巡航45分鐘或白天目視飛行巡航30分鐘) -- ※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc) ◆ From: 220.130.137.100